What is Grunge?

Before the emergence of grunge music in the mid-1980s, there was straight punk rock, heavy metal and so-called "hair bands," who played a mixture of heavy metal and glam rock. A number of local punk rock bands in the Seattle music scene began to experiment with a fusion of heavy metal riffs and punk rock energy, influenced by a group called the Melvins. The new sound, developed first in Seattle, featured heavily distorted guitars and emotional lyrics delivered in an unpolished and gritty style. This prompted a member of one Seattle band, Green River, to coin the term "grunge," although he originally did not mean it as a compliment.
Although there were many local Seattle post-punk bands performing the grunge sound in the late 1980s, only a few managed to receive national attention. Bands such as Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, Mother Love Bone, Alice in Chains and the legendary Nirvana did manage to attract the attention of mainstream labels. The rawness of the sound, as exemplified by Nirvana's Kurt Cobain and Pearl Jam's Eddie Vedder, brought a new punk-like energy to the national music scene, and offered many disenfranchised 20-somethings a lifestyle which matched their feelings of angst and frustration.

The culture in which grunge music first became popular is highly relevant to its development. If the '80s were marked, both economically and in popular music, by vanity, excess and wealth, the culture and music of the '90s developed in striking contrast to that. Disillusionment and personal struggle were important themes in grunge, acting as a criticism of the shallowness of hair bands and vapid pop music.

Within the grunge movement itself, there were informal subgenres. Bands such as Alice in Chains leaned towards an alternative heavy metal sound, while Nirvana hovered somewhere between punk and the emerging emo sound. Pearl Jam, on the other hand, became almost mainstream with their blend of pop, garage, and heavy metal. A number of grunge bands actively renounced their sudden commercial success, saying that money and fame would prove harmful to the true spirit of the music.

By the mid-1990s, the grunge movement in music had suffered a number of losses and hardships. Kurt Cobain, the charismatic lead singer of Nirvana, apparently committed suicide after years of physical and emotional difficulties. Other bands fell apart because of drug abuse or internal strife among band members. Some of the original grunge bands, most notably Pearl Jam, have continued to perform, but their newer material does not always contain the distinctive punk and emo energy of their grunge years.
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Discussion Comments
In circa 1983, the Gen Xers started making their own music known as Alternative (e.g., Sonic Youth, Camper Van Beethoven, Red Hot Chili Peppers). This alternative music was not New Wave, and was not popular enough to play on the commercial radio stations still controlled by the Baby Boomers.
As such, in the 80s, alternative music was (for the most part) played on non-profit college radio stations. Then in the 90s, this alternative music finally became mainstream as Generation X now controlled much of the commercial radio scene (e.g., starting with Nirvana, and Pearl Jam in 1990). As such, the term "Alternative music" lost much of its meaning and terms such as grunge and post-punk were soon coined instead.
That all being said, the main thing about this music is not a genre, but the generation of people that made it; Generation X.
And who is Generation X? Clearly, one of the oldest of them is Eddie Vedder (born 1964) of Pearl Jam.
One of the youngest of them is Brandon Flowers (born 1981) of The Killers.
Enjoy. P in California (Born 1964)
While Nirvana is and has been one of my favorite bands (I grew up in the 90's after all) since I was a teenager, I think their influence took popular music in a direction that I can't stand. Especially in the late 90's and early 2000's, rock music became a sad parody of itself despite its exciting innovations just a few years earlier. Far too many bands ripped off the grunge sound, in particular Nirvana's style, and it's reflected poorly on a truly great band. It is however, refreshing to see new trends and sounds in music within the last 10 years that have overcome the post-grunge lull.
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